CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SQUINT
CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SQUINT
A MONOGRAPH
BY
Dr. C. SCHWEIGGER,
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN
BY
EMILY J. ROBINSON
EDITED BY
GUSTAVUS HARTRIDGE, F.R.C.S.
LONDON
J. & A. CHURCHILL
11, NEW BURLINGTON STREET
1887
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
The subject of Squint is so interesting that we venture to think anEnglish rendering of this exhaustive monograph will be acceptable tomany ophthalmic surgeons and students.
While adhering as far as possible to the spirit and style of theoriginal we have not hesitated here and there to give a somewhat freetranslation. This has been partly necessitated by the difficulty offinding an exact equivalent in English for all the terms used in theoriginal text.
In the German Edition the old system of inches is used. We have (withthe consent of the author) altered these to the dioptric system.
E. J. R.
G. H.
PREFACE
Amicus Plato, amicus Socrates, magis amica veritas. May my friends andcolleagues, whose views differ from mine, read the followingobservations without prejudice. A fact, which does not agree with thesystem, is generally worth more than theory, still it is very difficultfor even the most important fact to find recognition if it contradictsreceived opinion. For theories and dogmas are narcotics, which arenecessary to men; some flatter themselves by composing them, whileothers content themselves by satisfying their own craving for a creed.Reasonably applied, they may be useful, but the boundary line is onlytoo easily over-stepped. It is the task of science to observe alsowhether theories correspond with the progress of facts. The presentreigning theory on strabismus will have to submit to variouslimitations; on the other hand, we are ready to leave to the scholasticscience of medicine and its followers certain dogmas which remainunproved and which have nothing but the fact of their existence torecommend them.
The small compass of the following treatise proves that it was notintended to exhaust the rich literature on the subject; I have onlyreferred to the same where it appeared to me necessary for the interestof the work in hand.
Above all, it has been my endeavour to treat the subject of[Pg viii] thistreatise (which occurs so frequently in practice) in a way intelligibleto every physician, at the same time, however, to bring sufficientlyinto notice those facts and views which are of value to my specialcolleagues.
C. SCHWEIGGER.
Berlin.
INDEX TO CONTENTS.
Introduction. PAGES
Ordinary use of the word squint and its meaning. Apparent
squint. Paralytic and typical squint. Law of association.
Squint angle and linear measure of the deviation.
Permanent, periodic, latent, monolateral, and alternating
squint