SIX LECTURES ON LIGHT

DELIVERED IN THE UNITED STATES

IN

1872-1873

BY

JOHN TYNDALL, D.C.L., LL,D., F.R.S.

LATE PROFESSOR OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE ROYALINSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN


Sir Thomas Laurence PRA Pinx Henry Adlarc. Sc.
(Signature) Thomas Young

London: Longmans & Co.

SIXTH IMPRESSION

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON

NEW YORK AND BOMBAY

1906

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.

In these Lectures I have sought to render clear a difficult butprofoundly interesting subject. My aim has been not only todescribe and illustrate in a familiar manner the principal laws andphenomena of light, but to point out the origin, and show theapplication, of the theoretic conceptions which underlie and unitethe whole, and without which no real interpretation ispossible.

The Lectures, as stated on the title-page, were delivered in theUnited States in 1872-3. I still retain a vivid and gratefulremembrance of the cordiality with which they were received.

My scope and object are briefly indicated in the 'Summary andConclusion,' which, as recommended in a former edition, might be,not unfitly, read as an introduction to the volume.

J.T.

ALP LUSGEN: October 1885.


CONTENTS.

LECTURE I.

  • Introductory
  • Uses of Experiment
  • Early Scientific Notions
  • Sciences of Observation
  • Knowledge of the Ancients regarding Light
  • Defects of the Eye
  • Our Instruments
  • Rectilineal Propagation of Light
  • Law of Incidence and Reflection
  • Sterility of the Middle Ages
  • Refraction
  • Discovery of Snell
  • Partial and Total Reflection
  • Velocity of Light
  • Roemer, Bradley, Foucault, and Fizeau
  • Principle of Least Action
  • Descartes and the Rainbow
  • Newton's Experiments on the Composition of Solar Light
  • His Mistake regarding Achromatism
  • Synthesis of White Light
  • Yellow and Blue Lights produce White by their Mixture
  • Colours of Natural Bodies
  • Absorption
  • Mixture of Pigments contrasted with Mixture of Lights

LECTURE II.

  • Origin of Physical Theories
  • Scope of the Imagination
  • Newton and the Emission Theory
  • Verification of Physical Theories
  • The Luminiferous Ether
  • Wave-theory of Light
  • Thomas Young
  • Fresnel and Arago
  • Conception of Wave-motion
  • Interference of Waves
  • Constitution of Sound-waves
  • Analogies of Sound and Light
  • Illustrations of Wave-motion
  • Interference of Sound Waves
  • Optical Illustrations
  • Pitch and Colour
  • Lengths of the Waves of Light and Rates of Vibration ofthe
  • Ether-particles
  • Interference of Light
  • Phenomena which first suggested the Undulatory Theo
    ...

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