A HISTORY OF SCIENCE    
      BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, M.D., LL.D. 
 
 
 ASSISTED BY EDWARD      H. WILLIAMS, M.D. 
 
 
 IN FIVE VOLUMES 
 
 VOLUME      III.    

 

 

 

 
  




        CONTENTS      
        BOOK III 
 CHAPTER I. THE SUCCESSORS OF NEWTON IN ASTRONOMY 
        The work of Johannes Hevelius—Halley and Hevelius—Halley's        observation 
 of the transit of Mercury, and his method of        determining the parallax of 
 the planets—Halley's observation        of meteors—His inability to 
 explain these bodies—The        important work of James Bradley—Lacaille's 
 measurement of        the arc of the meridian—The determination of the 
 question as        to the exact shape of the earth—D'Alembert and his 
 influence        upon science—Delambre's History of Astronomy—The 
        astronomical work of Euler. 
 CHAPTER II. THE PROGRESS OF MODERN        ASTRONOMY 
 The work of William Herschel—His discovery of        Uranus—His discovery 
 that the stars are suns—His        conception of the universe—His deduction 
 that gravitation        has caused the grouping of the heavenly bodies—The 
 nebula,        hypothesis,—Immanuel Kant's conception of the formation of the        
 world—Defects in Kant's conception—Laplace's final        solution of the 
 problem—His explanation in detail—Change        in the mental attitude of the 
 world since Bruno—Asteroids        and satellites—Discoveries of Olbersl—The 
 mathematical        calculations of Adams and Leverrier—The discovery of the 
        inner ring of Saturn—Clerk Maxwell's paper on the stability of        Saturn's 
 rings—Helmholtz's conception of the action of tidal        friction—Professor 
 G. H. Darwin's estimate of the        consequences of tidal action—Comets 
 and meteors—Bredichin's        cometary theory—The final solution of the 
 structure of        comets—Newcomb's estimate of the amount of cometary dust 
        swept up daily by the earth—The fixed stars—John Herschel's        studies 
 of double stars—Fraunhofer's perfection of the        refracting 
 telescope—Bess                        
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