UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Stewart L. Udall, Secretary

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Conrad L. Wirth, Director

HISTORICAL HANDBOOK NUMBER TWENTY-THREE

This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing thehistorical and archeological areas in the National Park Systemadministered by the National Park Service of the United StatesDepartment of the Interior. It is printed by the GovernmentPrinting Office and may be purchased from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents.

Bandelier
NATIONAL MONUMENT
NEW MEXICO

by Kittridge A. Wing

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES No. 23
Washington, D. C., 1955
Reprint 1961

The National Park System, of which BandelierNational Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conservingthe scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of theUnited States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.

Contents

Page

THE RUINS: THEIR TYPES AND EXTENT 2

PRINCIPAL RUINS OF THE NATIONAL MONUMENT 8

Tyuonyi 8

Talus House 10

Long House 11

Kivas 12

Ceremonial Cave 12

Stone Lions 14

Painted Cave 14

Otowi 16

Tsankawi 17

ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE 17

Work of the Archeologists 17

The Basketmakers and the Developmental Pueblo Period 18

Great Pueblo Period 22

Drought and Migrations 23

Late Pueblo Period 24

LIFE OF THE EARLY PEOPLE AT BANDELIER 24

Food 24

Shelter 27

Clothing 27

Religion 30

THE NATURAL SCENE 32

Climate 32

Life Zones 32

...